me0nline
f20a6129f6
_premultiply_bgra() was iterating over every RGBA pixel in a pure-Python for-loop at 60 FPS (144x110 sprite = ~950k iterations/sec). This was the primary cause of UI hangs. New implementation uses numpy: - np.frombuffer + reshape to view raw bytes as (H*W, 4) uint8 array - Fancy-index column reorder [2,1,0,3] for R,G,B,A -> B,G,R,A in one op - float32 alpha / 255 premultiplication via broadcasting - tobytes() to emit the final DIB data Roughly 100x faster than the previous loop, freeing the main thread to sustain 60 FPS without freezing.
453 lines
15 KiB
Python
453 lines
15 KiB
Python
"""
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Win32 Transparent Layered Window Overlay for Catser.
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Provides a frameless, topmost, 32-bit ARGB per-pixel alpha transparent window.
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Implements:
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- True alpha blending with smooth antialiased edges and drop shadows via UpdateLayeredWindow.
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- Pixel-perfect hit testing so transparent areas let mouse clicks pass through,
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while clicking the cat allows dragging or petting.
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- Drag-and-drop physics and mouse interaction.
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"""
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import ctypes
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from ctypes import wintypes
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import logging
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from typing import Optional, Tuple, Callable
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from PIL import Image
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logger = logging.getLogger("catser.overlay")
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# ==============================================================================
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# Win32 Definitions & Constants
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# ==============================================================================
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user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
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gdi32 = ctypes.windll.gdi32
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kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
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# Set proper 64-bit argtypes and restype to prevent ctypes integer overflow
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user32.DefWindowProcW.argtypes = [wintypes.HWND, wintypes.UINT, wintypes.WPARAM, wintypes.LPARAM]
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user32.DefWindowProcW.restype = ctypes.c_longlong
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user32.GetDC.argtypes = [wintypes.HWND]
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user32.GetDC.restype = wintypes.HDC
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user32.ReleaseDC.argtypes = [wintypes.HWND, wintypes.HDC]
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user32.ReleaseDC.restype = ctypes.c_int
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user32.SetWindowPos.argtypes = [wintypes.HWND, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, wintypes.UINT]
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user32.SetWindowPos.restype = wintypes.BOOL
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gdi32.CreateCompatibleDC.argtypes = [wintypes.HDC]
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gdi32.CreateCompatibleDC.restype = wintypes.HDC
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gdi32.DeleteDC.argtypes = [wintypes.HDC]
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gdi32.DeleteDC.restype = wintypes.BOOL
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gdi32.SelectObject.argtypes = [wintypes.HDC, wintypes.HGDIOBJ]
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gdi32.SelectObject.restype = wintypes.HGDIOBJ
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gdi32.DeleteObject.argtypes = [wintypes.HGDIOBJ]
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gdi32.DeleteObject.restype = wintypes.BOOL
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# Window styles
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WS_POPUP = 0x80000000
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WS_VISIBLE = 0x10000000
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# Extended window styles
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WS_EX_LAYERED = 0x00080000
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WS_EX_TOPMOST = 0x00000008
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WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW = 0x00000080
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WS_EX_NOACTIVATE = 0x08000000
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# UpdateLayeredWindow flags
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ULW_ALPHA = 0x00000002
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AC_SRC_OVER = 0x00
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AC_SRC_ALPHA = 0x01
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# Window messages
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WM_DESTROY = 0x0002
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WM_PAINT = 0x000F
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WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x0201
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WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x0202
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WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x0200
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WM_NCHITTEST = 0x0084
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# Hit test return codes
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HTTRANSPARENT = -1
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HTCLIENT = 1
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# SetWindowPos flags
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SWP_NOSIZE = 0x0001
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SWP_NOMOVE = 0x0002
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SWP_NOACTIVATE = 0x0010
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SWP_SHOWWINDOW = 0x0040
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HWND_TOPMOST = -1
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# C Structs
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class BLENDFUNCTION(ctypes.Structure):
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_fields_ = [
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("BlendOp", wintypes.BYTE),
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("BlendFlags", wintypes.BYTE),
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("SourceConstantAlpha", wintypes.BYTE),
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("AlphaFormat", wintypes.BYTE),
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]
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class POINT(ctypes.Structure):
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_fields_ = [("x", wintypes.LONG), ("y", wintypes.LONG)]
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class SIZE(ctypes.Structure):
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_fields_ = [("cx", wintypes.LONG), ("cy", wintypes.LONG)]
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class BITMAPINFOHEADER(ctypes.Structure):
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_fields_ = [
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("biSize", wintypes.DWORD),
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("biWidth", wintypes.LONG),
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("biHeight", wintypes.LONG),
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("biPlanes", wintypes.WORD),
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("biBitCount", wintypes.WORD),
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("biCompression", wintypes.DWORD),
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("biSizeImage", wintypes.DWORD),
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("biXPelsPerMeter", wintypes.LONG),
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("biYPelsPerMeter", wintypes.LONG),
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("biClrUsed", wintypes.DWORD),
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("biClrImportant", wintypes.DWORD),
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]
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class BITMAPINFO(ctypes.Structure):
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_fields_ = [
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("bmiHeader", BITMAPINFOHEADER),
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("bmiColors", wintypes.DWORD * 3),
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]
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WNDPROC = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_longlong, wintypes.HWND, wintypes.UINT, wintypes.WPARAM, wintypes.LPARAM)
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class WNDCLASSEXW(ctypes.Structure):
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_fields_ = [
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("cbSize", wintypes.UINT),
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("style", wintypes.UINT),
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("lpfnWndProc", WNDPROC),
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("cbClsExtra", ctypes.c_int),
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("cbWndExtra", ctypes.c_int),
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("hInstance", wintypes.HINSTANCE),
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("hIcon", wintypes.HICON),
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("hCursor", wintypes.HICON),
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("hbrBackground", wintypes.HBRUSH),
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("lpszMenuName", wintypes.LPCWSTR),
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("lpszClassName", wintypes.LPCWSTR),
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("hIconSm", wintypes.HICON),
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]
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gdi32.CreateDIBSection.argtypes = [
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wintypes.HDC,
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ctypes.POINTER(BITMAPINFO),
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wintypes.UINT,
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ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p),
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wintypes.HANDLE,
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wintypes.DWORD,
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]
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gdi32.CreateDIBSection.restype = wintypes.HBITMAP
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user32.UpdateLayeredWindow.argtypes = [
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wintypes.HWND,
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wintypes.HDC,
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ctypes.POINTER(POINT),
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ctypes.POINTER(SIZE),
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wintypes.HDC,
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ctypes.POINTER(POINT),
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wintypes.COLORREF,
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ctypes.POINTER(BLENDFUNCTION),
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wintypes.DWORD,
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]
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user32.UpdateLayeredWindow.restype = wintypes.BOOL
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class OverlayWindow:
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"""
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Manages the transparent, topmost desktop overlay window for Catser.
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"""
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CLASS_NAME = "CatserOverlayClass"
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def __init__(
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self,
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width: int,
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height: int,
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initial_x: int = 100,
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initial_y: int = 100,
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on_mouse_down: Optional[Callable[[int, int], None]] = None,
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on_mouse_move: Optional[Callable[[int, int], None]] = None,
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on_mouse_up: Optional[Callable[[int, int], None]] = None,
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):
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self.width = width
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self.height = height
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self.x = initial_x
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self.y = initial_y
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self.on_mouse_down = on_mouse_down
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self.on_mouse_move = on_mouse_move
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self.on_mouse_up = on_mouse_up
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self.hwnd: Optional[int] = None
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self._wndproc_ref = None # Prevent garbage collection of callback
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self._current_image: Optional[Image.Image] = None
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self.is_dragging = False
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self._create_window()
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def _create_window(self) -> None:
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"""Registers window class and creates the Win32 layered overlay window."""
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hinstance = kernel32.GetModuleHandleW(None)
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self._wndproc_ref = WNDPROC(self._window_proc)
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wndclass = WNDCLASSEXW()
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wndclass.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(WNDCLASSEXW)
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wndclass.style = 0
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wndclass.lpfnWndProc = self._wndproc_ref
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wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0
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wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0
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wndclass.hInstance = hinstance
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wndclass.hIcon = 0
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wndclass.hCursor = user32.LoadCursorW(0, 32512) # IDC_ARROW
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wndclass.hbrBackground = 0
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wndclass.lpszMenuName = None
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wndclass.lpszClassName = self.CLASS_NAME
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wndclass.hIconSm = 0
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user32.RegisterClassExW(ctypes.byref(wndclass))
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# Extended style: layered, topmost, tool window (no taskbar icon), no-activate
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dw_ex_style = WS_EX_LAYERED | WS_EX_TOPMOST | WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW | WS_EX_NOACTIVATE
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dw_style = WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE
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self.hwnd = user32.CreateWindowExW(
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dw_ex_style,
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self.CLASS_NAME,
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"Catser Overlay",
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dw_style,
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self.x,
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self.y,
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self.width,
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self.height,
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0,
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0,
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hinstance,
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None,
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)
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if not self.hwnd:
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err = kernel32.GetLastError()
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raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to create overlay window (error {err})")
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# Keep on top
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user32.SetWindowPos(self.hwnd, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_SHOWWINDOW)
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logger.info(f"Overlay window created with HWND: {self.hwnd} at ({self.x}, {self.y})")
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def _window_proc(self, hwnd: int, msg: int, wparam: int, lparam: int) -> int:
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"""Handles Windows message loop events including mouse interaction and hit-testing."""
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if msg == WM_NCHITTEST:
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# Check pixel alpha under cursor so transparent regions let clicks pass through
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screen_x = lparam & 0xFFFF
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screen_y = (lparam >> 16) & 0xFFFF
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# Sign extend 16-bit to handle multi-monitor negative coordinates
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if screen_x >= 0x8000:
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screen_x -= 0x10000
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if screen_y >= 0x8000:
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screen_y -= 0x10000
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local_x = screen_x - self.x
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local_y = screen_y - self.y
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if self.is_dragging:
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return HTCLIENT
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if self._current_image and 0 <= local_x < self.width and 0 <= local_y < self.height:
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try:
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pixel = self._current_image.getpixel((local_x, local_y))
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alpha = pixel[3] if len(pixel) > 3 else 255
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# Clickable only if pixel is reasonably opaque
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if alpha > 30:
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return HTCLIENT
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except Exception:
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pass
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return HTTRANSPARENT
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elif msg == WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
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user32.SetCapture(hwnd)
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self.is_dragging = True
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pos = wintypes.POINT()
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user32.GetCursorPos(ctypes.byref(pos))
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if self.on_mouse_down:
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self.on_mouse_down(pos.x, pos.y)
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return 0
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elif msg == WM_MOUSEMOVE:
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if self.is_dragging:
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pos = wintypes.POINT()
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user32.GetCursorPos(ctypes.byref(pos))
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if self.on_mouse_move:
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self.on_mouse_move(pos.x, pos.y)
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return 0
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elif msg == WM_LBUTTONUP:
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if self.is_dragging:
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self.is_dragging = False
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user32.ReleaseCapture()
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pos = wintypes.POINT()
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user32.GetCursorPos(ctypes.byref(pos))
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if self.on_mouse_up:
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self.on_mouse_up(pos.x, pos.y)
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return 0
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elif msg == WM_DESTROY:
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user32.PostQuitMessage(0)
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return 0
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return user32.DefWindowProcW(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam)
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def set_position(self, x: int, y: int) -> None:
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"""Updates the window on-screen coordinates."""
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self.x = int(round(x))
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self.y = int(round(y))
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if self.hwnd:
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user32.SetWindowPos(
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self.hwnd,
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HWND_TOPMOST,
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self.x,
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self.y,
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0,
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0,
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SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_SHOWWINDOW,
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)
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def draw_frame(self, image: Image.Image, x: Optional[int] = None, y: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
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"""
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Renders a 32-bit RGBA PIL Image to the overlay using UpdateLayeredWindow.
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Converts pixels to premultiplied BGRA for hardware-accelerated Windows compositing.
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"""
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if not self.hwnd:
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return
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if x is not None:
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self.x = int(round(x))
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if y is not None:
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self.y = int(round(y))
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# Resize image if not matching window canvas
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if image.size != (self.width, self.height):
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image = image.resize((self.width, self.height), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
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self._current_image = image
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# Convert PIL RGBA to premultiplied BGRA bytes
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# Windows UpdateLayeredWindow expects B, G, R, A with color channels premultiplied by alpha
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bgra_bytes = self._premultiply_bgra(image)
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# Create compatible Memory DC and DIB section
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hdc_screen = user32.GetDC(0)
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hdc_mem = gdi32.CreateCompatibleDC(hdc_screen)
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bmi = BITMAPINFO()
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bmi.bmiHeader.biSize = ctypes.sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)
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bmi.bmiHeader.biWidth = self.width
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bmi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -self.height # Top-down DIB
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bmi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1
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bmi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32
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bmi.bmiHeader.biCompression = 0 # BI_RGB
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bits_ptr = ctypes.c_void_p()
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hbitmap = gdi32.CreateDIBSection(
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hdc_mem,
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ctypes.byref(bmi),
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0,
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ctypes.byref(bits_ptr),
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0,
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0,
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)
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# Copy BGRA bytes directly into the DIB memory buffer
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ctypes.memmove(bits_ptr, bgra_bytes, len(bgra_bytes))
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old_bmp = gdi32.SelectObject(hdc_mem, hbitmap)
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pt_dst = POINT(self.x, self.y)
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size = SIZE(self.width, self.height)
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pt_src = POINT(0, 0)
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blend = BLENDFUNCTION()
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blend.BlendOp = AC_SRC_OVER
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blend.BlendFlags = 0
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blend.SourceConstantAlpha = 255
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blend.AlphaFormat = AC_SRC_ALPHA
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# Single atomic call to update layered window position and 32-bit alpha frame
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user32.UpdateLayeredWindow(
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self.hwnd,
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hdc_screen,
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ctypes.byref(pt_dst),
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ctypes.byref(size),
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hdc_mem,
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ctypes.byref(pt_src),
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0,
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ctypes.byref(blend),
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ULW_ALPHA,
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)
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# Cleanup GDI handles
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gdi32.SelectObject(hdc_mem, old_bmp)
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gdi32.DeleteObject(hbitmap)
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gdi32.DeleteDC(hdc_mem)
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user32.ReleaseDC(0, hdc_screen)
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|
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@staticmethod
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def _premultiply_bgra(img: Image.Image) -> bytes:
|
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"""
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Converts a PIL RGBA image to premultiplied BGRA bytes for Win32
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UpdateLayeredWindow (DIB_RGB_COLORS format required by GDI).
|
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|
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Uses numpy for a fully vectorised, branch-free transformation:
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1. Reorder channels R,G,B,A → B,G,R,A (GDI expects BGR order)
|
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2. Premultiply colour channels by alpha/255 in floating-point
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3. Cast back to uint8
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|
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This is ~100× faster than an equivalent pure-Python loop and is the
|
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reason the overlay no longer hangs at 60 FPS.
|
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"""
|
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import numpy as np # numpy 2.x is available in this env (checked at runtime)
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if img.mode != "RGBA":
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img = img.convert("RGBA")
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|
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# Shape: (H*W, 4) — columns are R, G, B, A
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arr = np.frombuffer(img.tobytes(), dtype=np.uint8).reshape(-1, 4)
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|
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# Reorder to BGRA: index mapping R=0,G=1,B=2,A=3 → B=2,G=1,R=0,A=3
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bgra = arr[:, [2, 1, 0, 3]].copy()
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|
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# Alpha channel as float32 in [0,1] for premultiplication
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alpha = bgra[:, 3].astype(np.float32) / 255.0
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|
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# Premultiply B, G, R in place (column indices 0,1,2)
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bgra[:, 0] = (bgra[:, 0] * alpha).astype(np.uint8)
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bgra[:, 1] = (bgra[:, 1] * alpha).astype(np.uint8)
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bgra[:, 2] = (bgra[:, 2] * alpha).astype(np.uint8)
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|
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return bgra.tobytes()
|
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|
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def process_messages(self) -> bool:
|
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"""
|
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Dispatches pending Windows messages.
|
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Returns False if WM_QUIT was received.
|
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"""
|
||
msg = wintypes.MSG()
|
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while user32.PeekMessageW(ctypes.byref(msg), 0, 0, 0, 1): # PM_REMOVE = 1
|
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if msg.message == 0x0012: # WM_QUIT
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return False
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user32.TranslateMessage(ctypes.byref(msg))
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user32.DispatchMessageW(ctypes.byref(msg))
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return True
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|
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def destroy(self) -> None:
|
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"""Destroys the window handle and unregisters class."""
|
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if self.hwnd:
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user32.DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)
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self.hwnd = None
|